The important accessory of crawler excavator - breaking hammer
The rock breaking hammer, also known as the hydraulic crusher or cannon head, is one of the most commonly used attachments in excavators.
Commonly used in mining rock mining and concrete building demolition, it is widely used in mining, construction, metallurgy, infrastructure and other fields.
Its working principle is driven by liquid static pressure, which drives the piston to reciprocate and impact the drill rod, and the drill rod crushes solid materials such as ore and concrete.
1、 Material and Structure:
The core strength of the breaking hammer is first hidden in the material and design. In the early years, ordinary alloy steel was used for drill rods, which had to be replaced after two months of use. And now? The tungsten carbide coating directly increases the wear resistance by 50%. For example, the 100mm drill rod equipped with a 15 ton crawler excavator has extended the concrete crushing life from 300 hours to 800 hours. The machining accuracy of the piston has also improved, with clearance controlled at 0.02-0.03 millimeters, reducing the risk of hydraulic oil leakage. Experienced mine workers have said, 'With the same 23 ton crawler excavator, monthly failures can now be reduced by 60%.'.
Structurally, there is a greater emphasis on 'resistance to manufacturing'. The triangular short body design allows a 15 ton crawler excavator to drill narrow alleys and repair slopes, with an error pressure of within 5 centimeters; The key bolts of the box shell have been thickened by 10%, and the mining machine has not cracked after long-term hammering. As for the shock-absorbing nitrogen accumulator with amino ester pads, the vibration amplitude of the cab is directly reduced by 70%, and the joint pain of the experienced excavator operator is reduced.
2、 Development Process: From German Laboratories to Chinese Mines
In 1967, Germany's Krupp developed the first hydraulic breaker, and more than 50 years later, this thing is no longer exclusive to foreign brands. China passed the ministerial level appraisal in the 1980s, but the real outbreak occurred in recent years - in 2019, the domestic excavator hammer allocation rate was only 23.5%, far behind Japan and South Korea's 60%. Looking at it from another perspective, there are 1.73 million excavator stocks, and each one needs to replace 2-3 hammers in its life cycle. The market potential is promising.
Nowadays, domestic brands are also tough. For example, the STB1000D hammer matched with a 15 ton crawler excavator has a short impact stroke and high-frequency design, reducing dust on the walls of old residential areas by 90%; The Yajin 280F hammer, which is specialized for 23 ton tracked excavators, has a 3692 joule impact energy and is designed to handle the "hard bones" of granite. It can break 800 cubic meters of rock in a single day with 30 pickaxe workers.
3、 Tonnage matching: Don't let the small horse pull the big car
How big an excavator should be paired with how big a hammer "is a subject of study. A 15 ton crawler excavator is most suitable for 100-120mm drill rod hammers, with hydraulic flow stuck at 80-110L/min being the most economical. A cement plant test found that a well matched unit can break shale and produce 35 cubic meters per hour, which is 50% more efficient than randomly matched units.
As for the 23 ton crawler excavator? Don't touch the 145 type hammer without a flow rate of 160L/min! There is a lesson from the Shandong mine: 140 hammers were installed on a 23 ton machine, and the hydraulic oil temperature soared to 90 ℃, causing the valve core to burn and deform. Later, it was replaced with a dual pump merging system, and the oil temperature remained stable below 65 ℃, doubling the lifespan of the drill rod.
4、 Application scenario: A new way to make money
The clever application of the mine owner: a 23 ton crawler excavator with a low-frequency hammer (4500-8000J), combined with pre drilled holes spaced 1.5 meters apart, increased the efficiency of in-situ crushing of hard rocks by 30%, and reduced the cost of explosives throughout the province. The municipal team also has better cost saving applications - using a 15 ton crawler excavator with a high-frequency hammer to demolish the road, a semi-automatic quick change joint that cuts back to the excavation bucket in 30 seconds, and a single machine that completes the entire set of actions such as crushing, digging trenches, and backfilling on the same day.
Construction waste disposal has become a lucrative industry. The North China demolition team used tracked excavators to break through brick and concrete floor slabs, producing 350 tons of material per hour, and earning 4200 yuan per day just by recycling scrap steel bars; Selling crushed materials as roadbed, with a net profit of 8.5 million yuan per year as a base. A boss bluntly said, "The cost of transportation has dropped by 40%, and this hammer is like a money printing machine
5、 Maintenance tips: Saving is earning
Hammer excavator waste? "That's due to inadequate maintenance! The master summarized three moves:
Don't beat butter randomly: The drill rod must be inserted vertically and pressed tightly before oil injection, otherwise butter will enter the hydraulic system and black oil faults will occur;
The time is right: the single point continuous hammer should not exceed 1 minute, the rock should not be broken before changing position, and the piston should be repaired at a cost of 30000 yuan per repair due to overheating and deformation;
Oil changes depend on the weather: use 68 # anti-wear oil in summer, cut 46 # in winter, replace after 600 hours, check the filter element after 500 hours - the hydraulic oil is clean, and the pump valve of the 23 ton crawler excavator can be used for two more years.
6、 Fragile parts: keep a close eye on these four items
Replace the drill rod bushing immediately if the gap exceeds 3mm, otherwise it will cost a lot of money to wear the piston unevenly; Check the sealing cone surface of the thrust ring every month, as oil leakage can burn the nitrogen chamber; The high-pressure oil pipe is shaking badly and should be stopped quickly. It is highly likely that the accumulator pressure is abnormal. The most crucial factor is the hydraulic filter element - a 15 ton crawler excavator at a mine in Yunnan suffered losses of over 200000 yuan due to a clogged filter element and damaged main pump suction.
The future is here: lightweight and intelligent
The carbon fiber shell breaking hammer reduces the weight of the 15 ton crawler excavator by 10%, allowing it to climb a 45 ° slope without panting; The 5G module monitors the oil temperature in real-time, and AI alerts for a 0.1mm error in eccentric wear. The monthly malfunction of the 23 ton crawler excavator has been reduced from 42 hours to 9 hours. More manufacturers have developed biodegradable hydraulic oil, and Nordic customers can break the ice at -40 ℃ as usual - once the environmental protection barrier is passed, the door to the international market will be completely opened.
At the end of the day, the breaking hammer is no longer an "accessory tool", but a value amplifier for tracked excavators. From the 15 ton crawler excavator of the municipal team to the 23 ton crawler excavator of the mine, choosing the right hammer, using it well, and maintaining it well is like turning every drop of hydraulic oil into real gold and silver in the tough engineering battlefield.
